2024 The james lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are

Jan 1, 2022 · behind human emotions (Plutchik & Kellerman 2013). For example, the James-Lange theory suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events; the Cognitive Appraisal theory claims that the sequence of events ﬁrst involves a stimulus, followed by thought, which then leads to the simultaneous physiological response and ...Jul 28, 2022 · Emotions are automatic and primary patterns of purposeful cognitive-behavioral organizations. They have three main functions: coordination, signaling, and information. First, emotions coordinate organs and tissues, thus predisposing the body to peculiar responses. Scholars have not reached a consensus on the plausibility of …Cannon, W. B. (1987). The James-Lange theory of emotions: A critical examination and an alternative theory. The American Journal of Psychology, 100(3-4), 567–586. https:// …The James-Lange theory of emotion states that emotions are created by the perception of one's physical reactions. An extension of this theory is the facial feedback hypothesis that predicts that our emotions should change to match our facial expression. This activity demonstrates the facial feedback hypothesis. Students are instructed to hold a pencil or …Nov 9, 2023 · This theory was proposed in the 1920s and early 1930s by Walter B. Cannon and Philip Bard. In short, the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, also known as the Thalamic theory of emotion, states that the lower part of the brain, what neurologists call the thalamus, controls emotional experience. Meanwhile, the higher part of the brain, the cortex ... The James-Lange theory suggests the order as the stimulus, physiological response, and then interpreting these physiological responses, which leads to emotion. Whereas Cannon-Bard suggested that emotions are felt when humans experience an emotion-evoking stimulus, the individual simultaneously experiences the emotion and physiological reaction. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An aroused state that occurs because of a psychological need is known as a(n), In self-determination theory, refers to the need to belong and feel close to others., According to the broaden-and-build model of positive emotion, an individual can use positive emotions to see unusual …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the opening of this chapter, two men's reactions to spam e-mail were described. The fact that neither of the men was able to shrug off their annoyance to the spam illustrates the fact that ____., Emotions are both positive and negative. Once people experience both types of emotion, …Jun 15, 2023 · The fundamental premise of this theory was that emotion had to be preceded by physical symptoms; without the experience of physical symptoms, emotions were not possible (Baumeister & Bushman, 2020). Walter Cannon proposed an alternative explanation to the James–Lange theory of emotion and the general understanding of emotion. The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physical changes occur in response to a given stimulus, influencing our emotions. In other words, our emotions result from physical changes occurring in our bodies. William James and Carl Lange first devised the James-Lange theory in the 1880s. These two psychologists proposed that physiological ...Model proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs; bottom to top: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, self-actualization. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Emotion, Discrete emotions theory, Primary emotions and more. Feb 10, 2022 · According to the evolutionary theory of emotion, our emotions exist because they serve an adaptive role. People respond quickly to stimuli in the environment thanks to emotions for improve the chances of success and survival. 2.2 The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. The James-Lange theory is one of the best example of a physiological theory of ...James-Lange theory of emotion. emotions arise from physiological arousal. polygraph. lie detector test that measures physiological arousal of individuals as they answer a series of questions. Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion. emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards ... Jun 15, 2023 · The fundamental premise of this theory was that emotion had to be preceded by physical symptoms; without the experience of physical symptoms, emotions were not possible (Baumeister & Bushman, 2020). Walter Cannon proposed an alternative explanation to the James–Lange theory of emotion and the general understanding of emotion. The James-Lange theory of emotion states that a) to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event. b) the expression of emotion reduces our level of physiological arousal. c) an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers both physiological arousal and the subjective experience of emotion.The James–Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotional feelings arise from the mind perception of bodily changes in response to emotive stimuli to ‘colour’ our thoughts (James, 1894; Lange, 1885). Arguably obligatory changes in bodily response are viewed as definitive to emotion, and observed automaticity in bodily reactions is taken ...Sep 25, 2018 · James’ proposal, often labeled as the James-Lange theory because it is rather similar to the one offered around the same time by Lange (1885), stated that …Nov 21, 2023 · The James-Lange theory of emotion is an analysis of emotions in modern psychology that discusses the origin and nature of emotions. Questions like what causes …Oct 19, 2023 · The James-Lange theory is a counter-intuitive approach, contrasting with conventional wisdom related to the cause and effect of emotions and their manifestation. Both scientists emphasized that the …The Cannon Bard theory was proposed in response to the James-Lange theory of emotion. The James-Lange Theory was the first to characterize emotion as a label of physical reactions. The Cannon-Bard theory criticizes the James-Lange theory stating that both emotion and physical reactions to stimuli occur simultaneously.Like the James-Lange theory of emotion, Schachter and Singer felt that physical arousal played a primary in emotions. However, they suggested that this arousal was the same for a wide variety of emotions, so physical arousal alone could not be responsible for emotional responses.The two-factor theory of emotion focuses on the interaction between physical …Jun 15, 2023 · The fundamental premise of this theory was that emotion had to be preceded by physical symptoms; without the experience of physical symptoms, emotions were not possible (Baumeister & Bushman, 2020). Walter Cannon proposed an alternative explanation to the James–Lange theory of emotion and the general understanding of emotion. Aug 16, 2006 · William James’s theory of emotion is often criticized for placing too much emphasis on bodily feelings and neglecting the cognitive aspects of emotion. This paper suggests that such criticisms are misplaced. Interpreting James’s account of emotion in the light of his later philosophical writings, I argue that James does not emphasize bodily ...Apr 19, 2010 · These findings contradict the James–Lange theory of emotion. Nevertheless, this assumption does not imply that peripheral expressions of emotions are generated simultaneously with the subjective feeling, as posited by the Cannon–Bard theory (Damasio et al., 2000). Indeed, the bodily impact of emotions appears to rely on rapid and certainly ... Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The James-Lange theory of emotion argues that emotions are the • a. product of perception of a bodily change provoked by a particular stimuli. • b. perception of bodily changes evoked by any stimulus. • c. integration of thoughts and feelings., 2. Evidence that two different emotions can elicit …The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened. ... This leads to an aversion to the odor cue that suggests the rats learned to fear the odor cue. Interestingly, when the mother was ...The James-Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotions arise as the result of a physiological reaction to events. The theory suggests that when you see an external stimulus this leads to physiological reaction. The physiological reaction determines how you interpret that emotion e.g. I am frightened because I am trembling.Sep 17, 2020 · The Schacter-Singer theory draws on elements of both James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory, proposing that physiological arousal occurs first but that such reactions are often similar for different emotions. The theory suggests that the physiological reactions must be cognitively labeled and interpreted as a particular emotion.The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion. Whereas the James-Lange theory proposes that each emotion has a different pattern of arousal, the two-factor theory of emotion takes the opposite approach, arguing that the arousal that we experience is basically the same in every emotion, and that all emotions (including the basic emotions) are differentiated only …The James–Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotional feelings arise from the mind perception of bodily changes in response to emotive stimuli to ‘colour’ our thoughts (James, 1894; Lange, 1885). Arguably obligatory changes in bodily response are viewed as definitive to emotion, and observed automaticity in bodily reactions is taken ...Feb 15, 2023 · This contrasts with the James-Lange theory, which suggests that we focus on internal physiological cues to determine whether we are experiencing an emotion and what this emotion is. The Schachter-Singer theory is a two-factor view because it considers both arousal and the cognitive appraisal we perform in our efforts to identify the causes of ...The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response when threatened.Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in , have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our fight or flight response ... Oct 21, 2020 · In an event triggering an emotional response, according to this theory, our body responds (physiological arousal) and we feel an emotion at the very same time, and neither response depends on the other. On the other side, we have the James-Lange theory, which states that our emotions are a result of our physiological responses. This …Chapter 13: Emotions, Stress, and Health Summary 13.1 Emotions. Emotion is a subjective mental experience usually accompanied by involuntary physiological changes as well as distinctive behaviors. Involuntary physiological arousals are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, including the sympathetic nervous system, which prepares the body for …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1. The James-Lange theory of emotion argues that emotions are the • a. product of perception of a bodily change provoked by a particular stimuli. • b. perception of bodily changes evoked by any stimulus. • c. integration of thoughts and feelings., 2. Evidence that two different emotions can elicit …Apr 19, 2010 · These findings contradict the James–Lange theory of emotion. Nevertheless, this assumption does not imply that peripheral expressions of emotions are generated simultaneously with the subjective feeling, as posited by the Cannon–Bard theory (Damasio et al., 2000). Indeed, the bodily impact of emotions appears to rely on rapid and certainly ... Sep 29, 2019 · Key Takeaways: Cannon-Bard Theory. The Cannon-Bard theory is a theory of emotions that challenged the influential James-Lange theory. According to Cannon, the brain’s thalamus is crucial for our emotions. Cannon’s research has been influential, although more recent research has led to a more precise understanding of which brain …Aug 31, 2012 · The James–Lange theory considers emotional feelings as perceptions of physiological body changes. This approach has recently resurfaced and modified in both neuroscientific and philosophical concepts of embodiment of emotional feelings. In addition to the body, the role of the environment in emotional feeling needs to be considered. I …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In an experiment, Jay and Alissa are injected with the same concentration of a harmless drug. The purpose of the drug is to create arousal in the subjects who are injected. After a while, the arousal manifests as anger in Jay and as happiness in Alissa. Jay felt angry that he was injected with an …Nov 21, 2023 · Misattribution of arousal stems from some fundamental research; for instance, the psychologist William James and Carl Lange proposed that the James-Lange theory of emotions provides the framework ...Cognitive Appraisal Theory. A cognitive appraisal is our interpretation of the eliciting event and of our bodily reactions to the eliciting event. Remember, cognitive appraisal could occur unconsciously, as James-Lange suggested, or consciously, as Schachter-Singer discussed. Many appraisal dimensions exist (for examples, refer to Scherer (1997 ...Jan 10, 2023 · The Schacter-Singer theory draws on elements of both James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory, proposing that physiological arousal occurs first but that such reactions are often similar for different emotions. The theory suggests that the physiological reactions must be cognitively labeled and interpreted as a particular emotion. Criticisms#The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physical changes in the body. According to James and Lange, our body’s responses to an emotional event—such as a racing heart rate or sweating, for example—are what make up our emotional experience. Key Takeaways: James-Lange Theory Jul 1, 2022 · of the James-Lange theory, it is challenged by studies show-ing that physical reactions can influence emotions (Coles, Larsen, & Lench, 2019). Two-Factor theory and its critique An influential synthe-sis of these earlier conceptualizations is Schachter & Singer’s Two-Factor theory of emotion, which posits that emotion isThis theory was the first indication of a connection between physiological changes and emotional experiences. Developed by William James and Carl Lange (Coleman & Snarey, 2011). James explained that, "The bodily changes follow directly the perception of the exciting fact and that of feeling of the same changes as they occur in the emotion" (1899).According to the discrete emotions theory, emotional expressions are recognizable across cultures because. a. teaching children about emotional expression is important for survival in all. cultures. b. each emotion is associated with a distinct "motor program" that reflects genetically. influenced physiological responses that are essentially ...Apr 11, 2021 · The James Lange theory of emotion states that emotion is equivalent to the range of physiological arousal caused by external events. The two scientists suggested …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like An aroused state that occurs because of a psychological need is known as a(n), In self-determination theory, refers to the need to belong and feel close to others., According to the broaden-and-build model of positive emotion, an individual can use positive emotions to see unusual …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the opening of this chapter, two men's reactions to spam e-mail were described. The fact that neither of the men was able to shrug off their annoyance to the spam illustrates the fact that ____., Emotions are both positive and negative. Once people experience both types of emotion, they generally try to orchestrate their lives ... The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion. Whereas the James-Lange theory proposes that each emotion has a different pattern of arousal, the two-factor theory of emotion takes the opposite approach, arguing that the arousal that we experience is basically the same in every emotion, and that all emotions (including the basic emotions) are differentiated only …Feb 28, 2014 · The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. The . James-Lange theory. is one of the best-known examples of a physiological theory of emotion. Independently proposed by psychologist . William James. and physiologist Carl Lange, the James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events.The James-Lange theory of emotion states that: a) the emotions we experience cause our bodily reactions. b) our perception of bodily responses leads to our emotions. c) our emotions and bodily responses occur simultaneously. d) emotion and physical reaction happen independently but at the same time. 2 days ago · The proposition that emotions are caused by bodily sensations. It was first propounded by the US psychologist William James (1842–1910) in the journal Mind in 1884 and most famously expounded in his Principles of Psychology (1890): ‘Our natural way of thinking … is that the mental perception of some fact excites the mental affection called …AN HISTORICAL NOTE ON THE JAMES-LANGE THEORY OF EMOTION By E. B. TITCHENER In his article of 1884, James tells us that his view of emo-tion derives from …Components are emotion and motivation. Emotion. a mental and physiological state that directs out attention and guides our behavior. Basic emotions. anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Cognitive appraisal. cognitive interpretations that accompany emotions. Cannon-Bard theory of emotion.The James-Lange theory suggests the order as the stimulus, physiological response, and then interpreting these physiological responses, which leads to emotion. Whereas Cannon-Bard suggested that emotions are felt when humans experience an emotion-evoking stimulus, the individual simultaneously experiences the emotion and physiological reaction.The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion. Whereas the James-Lange theory proposes that each emotion has a different pattern of arousal, the two-factor theory of emotion takes the opposite approach, arguing that the arousal that we experience is basically the same in every emotion, and that all emotions (including the basic emotions) are differentiated only …Jun 5, 2008 · [2] James (Citation 1890, vol. 2, pp. 443–446) acknowledged similarities between his theory and that of Lange (1885/1922) on their “body-first” approach, and James’ theory subsequently came to be known as the “James--Lange” theory.Scholars have since suggested that the two theories differ substantially: For James, an emotion is a feeling; …The Cannon Bard theory was proposed in response to the James-Lange theory of emotion. The James-Lange Theory was the first to characterize emotion as a label of physical reactions. The Cannon-Bard theory criticizes the James-Lange theory stating that both emotion and physical reactions to stimuli occur simultaneously.This essay, published in Mind, IX (1884), 188-204, constitutes James' first publication on the James-Lange theory of the emotions. The physiologists who, during the past few years, have been so industriously exploring the functions of the brain, have limited their attempts at explanation to its cognitive and volitional performances. Dividing the brain into sensorial …This suggests that the emotion and aviodance occurs as a result of the physiological reaction, as theory predicted. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing …Aug 21, 2023 · Emotions enable humans to respond quickly to environmental factors, improving the chances of survival and successful reproduction. James-Lange Theory of Emotion—The James-Lange theory of emotion was proposed by psychologist William James and physiologist Carl Lange. This theory is one of the most popularly accepted …The basic emotion theory proposed that each emotion has its own dedicated neural circuitry that is architecturally distinct. For example, fear is a kind of emotion that produce subjective feelings through separate neural pathways of the central nervous system, or peripheral nervous systems (Cowen and Keltner, 2018).Therefore, studying the neural basis might …Emotion involves feeling, thinking, activation of the nervous system, physiological changes, and behavioral changes such as facial expressions. Different theories exist regarding how and why people experience emotion. These include evolutionary theories, the James-Lange theory, the Cannon-Bard theory, Schacter and Singer’s two-factor theory ...The Two-Factor Theory of Emotion. Whereas the James-Lange theory proposes that each emotion has a different pattern of arousal, the two-factor theory of emotion takes the opposite approach, arguing that the arousal that we experience is basically the same in every emotion, and that all emotions (including the basic emotions) are differentiated only …An emotion is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. Emotions result from the combination of subjective experience, expression, cognitive appraisal, and physiological responses (Levenson, Carstensen, Friesen, & Ekman, 1991). However, as discussed later in the chapter, the exact order in which the components occur is ... The theory that we experience emotion first with physical arousal (e.g., increased heart rate, shaky hands), which then leads to awareness of the emotion, is the: James-Lange theory of emotion. Darwin proposed that emotions are a product …Apr 11, 2019 · nomic and skeletomuscular for James—initiated emotional expe-riences or only modified ongoing experiences of emotion. James and Lange believed that bodily activity could do both. For exam-ple, Lange stated that “emotions may be induced by a variety of causes which are utterly independent of disturbances of the mind”The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions Answers: a. involve arousal and labeling of its causes. b. cause bodily reactions. c. come after bodily reactions. d. occur simultaneously with bodily reactions. e. are not related to bodily reactions. According to the discrete emotions theory, emotional expressions are recognizable across cultures because. a. teaching children about emotional expression is important for survival in all. cultures. b. each emotion is associated with a distinct "motor program" that reflects genetically. influenced physiological responses that are essentially ...Jan 1, 2011 · According to the James-Lange theory of emotions (Coleman & Snarey, 2011) emotions and consequently experiences can be created by some environmental stimuli, more precisely 'the immediate, primary ...Feb 10, 2022 · According to the evolutionary theory of emotion, our emotions exist because they serve an adaptive role. People respond quickly to stimuli in the environment thanks to emotions for improve the chances of success and survival. 2.2 The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. The James-Lange theory is one of the best example of a physiological theory of ...Nov 13, 2023 · The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. The James-Lange Theory is named after two independent psychologists who had similar ideas about emotions. Those …Jan 16, 2024 · The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous …The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that physical changes occur in response to a given stimulus, influencing our emotions. William James and Carl Lange first devised the …The James-Lange theory of emotion states that: A.the emotions we experience cause our bodily reactions. B.our perception of bodily responses leads to our emotions. C.our emotions and bodily responses occur simultaneously. D.emotion and physical reaction happen independently but at the same time. The James-Lange theory of emotion states that what a person thinks about a stimulus causes the emotion., Which is a true statement about cognitive change? A. Cognitive change involves people deliberately putting themselves in situations where they are likely to experience positive emotions and avoid negative emotions. Nov 21, 2023 · The James-Lange theory of emotion is an analysis of emotions in modern psychology that discusses the origin and nature of emotions. Questions like what causes …Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in figure \(\PageIndex{2}\), have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our ...Over time, several different theories of emotion, shown in figure \(\PageIndex{2}\), have been proposed to explain how the various components of emotion interact with one another. The James-Lange theory of emotion asserts that emotions arise from physiological arousal. Recall what you have learned about the sympathetic nervous system and our ...

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Jane is working overtime to exceed her sales targets so that she gets a higher income. The higher income, in this scenario, is an intrinsic reward., The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that events are first processed by the brain. Body patterns of arousal, action, and our emotional responses are then triggered ... . 4wdj81

the james lange theory of emotion suggests that emotions are

Jun 15, 2023 · The fundamental premise of this theory was that emotion had to be preceded by physical symptoms; without the experience of physical symptoms, emotions were not possible (Baumeister & Bushman, 2020). Walter Cannon proposed an alternative explanation to the James–Lange theory of emotion and the general understanding of emotion. Jan 10, 2023 · The Schacter-Singer theory draws on elements of both James-Lange theory and Cannon-Bard theory, proposing that physiological arousal occurs first but that such reactions are often similar for different emotions. The theory suggests that the physiological reactions must be cognitively labeled and interpreted as a particular emotion. Criticisms#Apr 25, 2023 · James-Lange Theory Another model of emotion is the James-Lange theory, which proposes that emotions are the result of physiological reactions to events. For example, when you see a snake, your body reacts with increased heart rate and blood pressure, and then you feel fear as a consequence of your bodily changes.An emotion is a subjective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. Emotions result from the combination of subjective experience, expression, cognitive appraisal, and physiological responses (Levenson, Carstensen, Friesen, & Ekman, 1991). However, as discussed later in the chapter, the exact order in which the components occur is ... The James-Lange theory suggests the order as the stimulus, physiological response, and then interpreting these physiological responses, which leads to emotion. Whereas Cannon-Bard suggested that emotions are felt when humans experience an emotion-evoking stimulus, the individual simultaneously experiences the emotion and physiological reaction. Define James Lang's theory. Theory of emotion which suggests that our experience of physiological changes come first, which the brain then interprets as an emotion. Define emotion. A strong feeling or mood that has an important motivational properties, meaning it drives an individual to behave in a particular way. Proccess of James Lang's theory. The James–Lange theory of emotion proposes that emotional feelings arise from the mind perception of bodily changes in response to emotive stimuli to ‘colour’ our thoughts (James, 1894; Lange, 1885). Arguably obligatory changes in bodily response are viewed as definitive to emotion, and observed automaticity in bodily reactions is taken ...Jan 9, 2024 · The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotional experience arise from our perception of physiological changes. For example, when one sees a snake, his/her heart races and muscles get tense, and thus he/she feels scared. Event Physiological Perception of Emotion changes physiological changes experienced Fig 10.1: The James …Nov 10, 2020 · William James. Main contribution is James-Lange theory, which says physiological arousal comes before emotion. The first theory, which was the common sense theory, told us, “we cry because we are sad.” The conscious awareness came first and the feeling followed.Jul 8, 2019 · The James-Lange Theory of Emotion. ... Later, physiologist Philip Bard expanded his theory in the 1930s. According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, humans feel emotions and experience physiological reactions (sweating, trembling, muscle tension, etc.) simultaneously. More specifically, this theory suggests that emotions occur when ...Jan 8, 2023 · You can also see the Cannon-Bard Theory and James-Lange Theory for competing perspectives. Conclusion. The Schachter-Singer theory, also known as the two-factor theory of emotion, suggests that emotions result from the interaction between physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) Anecdotal examples of Phineas Gage and Elliott in your textbook provide a demonstration of how damage to the __________ may be associated with an inability to process and experience emotion. a. temporal lobe b. hippocampus c. frontal lobe d. limbic system, The term ______________ is derived from the Latin word meaning "to set ... Updated on July 11, 2019. The James-Lange theory suggests that emotions are the result of physical changes in the body. According to James and Lange, our body’s responses to …Jul 28, 2022 · Emotions are automatic and primary patterns of purposeful cognitive-behavioral organizations. They have three main functions: coordination, signaling, and information. First, emotions coordinate organs and tissues, thus predisposing the body to peculiar responses. Scholars have not reached a consensus on the plausibility of …Terms in this set (66) the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion. In Maslow's hierarchy-of-needs theory, these are the biological drives that must be satisfied in order to maintain life. The part of the hypothalamus that produces feelings of ...Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The process of ______ involves selecting, directing, and sustaining physical and mental activities., The process by which activities are started, directed, and halted so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met is called . . . ., The chief function homeostasis is to . . . and more..

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