Cedar point rumors - 2023 Cedar Point Winter Chill Out News. After an abnormally warm winter, today guests were greeted at the gates of Cedar Point with a snow kissed park for the annual Winter Chill Out event. The event is one of the parks largest annual charity events, raising $150,000+ for A Kid Again. This year Cedar Point opted to expand Winter Chill Out and ...

 
A bit of rational for this: For the time Matt Ouimet has been CEO of Cedar Fair (since January 2012), Cedar Point has added a coaster at least every 2 years. In 2013 they added GateKeeper, 2014 they added Rougarou (I’m counting this as an addition even though it was just a conversion), 2016 they added Valravn, and 2018 they added Steel Vengeance. . Pico question examples women

Coming in Summer 2024 -- Experience Cedar Point's newest coaster Top Thrill 2, the world’s tallest and fastest triple-launch strata coaster! New Coaster Opening in 2024 at Cedar Point Questions or concerns about the accessibility of our website or need any assistance accessing any of the information you would expect to find on our site ...Oct 4, 2019 · Cedar Fair was founded in 1983, after Cedar Point acquired Valleyfair Amusement Park outside of Minneapolis. The company went public in 1987. Six Flags dates back to 1961, with the founding of Six ... Speculation has been rampant since Cedar Point announced in early September via Twitter that Top Thrill Dragster would be retired “as you know it.”. The ride had been idle for a full year ...Coming in Summer 2024 -- Experience Cedar Point's newest coaster Top Thrill 2, the world’s tallest and fastest triple-launch strata coaster! New Coaster Opening in 2024 at Cedar Point Questions or concerns about the accessibility of our website or need any assistance accessing any of the information you would expect to find on our site ...May 7, 2021 · Although Cedar Point has never said it plans to ditch the ride, speculation spiked again in recent days after a trio of Twitter posts brought fresh attention to the rumors (scroll down for Cedar ... Magic mountain's up to 20 coasters now. I remember the rumors CP was going to do 20 for 2020. I know quantity isn't everything, but if CP isn't updating, the parks with shiny new stuff start to look more attractive to those who can pick and choose. Or maybe some of us are way off and the majority actually prefer new resort stuff to new coasters.With the addition of Wicked Twister, Cedar Point will be the only amusement park in the world to stake claim to having three roller coasters above 200 feet tall: the 205-foot-tall Magnum XL-200 ...Cedar Point had been hit by inclement weather and subsequently suffered some flooding in the track infield area. Having said that according to the latest Top Thrill 2 construction update posted to YouTube by Lake Erie Lifestyles on August 13, we can see that work continues to progress on the launch track where workers are currently in the ...Jul 5, 2021 · Lake a ravenous bird in combat, you’ll go through five inversions at a constant speed of nearly 60 mph, doing dizzying spins and quick turns across its 3,790 feet of track. Between the noise and its compact layout, it’s the most intense coaster in the park that lasts longer than 20 seconds. #4. Millennium Force. Sep 6, 2023 · In the official announcement on August 1, we found out the new name for the iconic Top Thrill Dragster and long awaited details regarding the layout for this highly anticipated reimagining coming to Cedar Point in 2024. Top Thrill 2 was confirmed as being the world's tallest and fastest triple-launch coaster with a 420ft rear spike. The games next to it are closed, too. So, I suspect that Cedar Point is going to move MaxAir to a different location in the park, and the new roller coaster is going to built in that area, plus the open area by Windseeker. I don’t think Cedar Point is going to move Wicked Twister but will add a new ride into that area after moving MaxAir.2023 Cedar Point Winter Chill Out News. After an abnormally warm winter, today guests were greeted at the gates of Cedar Point with a snow kissed park for the annual Winter Chill Out event. The event is one of the parks largest annual charity events, raising $150,000+ for A Kid Again. This year Cedar Point opted to expand Winter Chill Out and ...A bit of rational for this: For the time Matt Ouimet has been CEO of Cedar Fair (since January 2012), Cedar Point has added a coaster at least every 2 years. In 2013 they added GateKeeper, 2014 they added Rougarou (I’m counting this as an addition even though it was just a conversion), 2016 they added Valravn, and 2018 they added Steel Vengeance. Jun 12, 2022 · Is Cedar Point planning on opening a NEW roller coaster in 2023? Cedar Point has to build a new coaster on the Wicked Twister plot of land, right? Thanks to ... 0:00 / 9:00 Cedar Point Coaster REMOVAL Rumors + LARGEST Expansion Coming? Theme Park Predictions & More! 26.2K subscribers 72K views 3 months ago #CedarPoint #TopThrillDragster #dragster...If you plan to visit multiple Cedar Fair parks and want Gold or Prestige Pass perks, the is the ideal choice. This premium add-on grants access to all Cedar Fair parks with either a Gold or Prestige Pass. Additionally, your Gold and Prestige benefits extend to other parks. The All Park Passport** add-on is with a 2024 Gold Pass or.This time, park officials have unleashed a few surprise teases about a possible new roller coaster coming to Cedar Point for the 2022 season. The hints first surfaced when guests explored the park ...Aug 1, 2023. Cedar Point is the industry leader in roller coaster innovation, having introduced some of the tallest and fastest rides on the planet. Cedar Point will once again redefine roller coaster innovation in 2024 with the debut of Top Thrill 2, the world’s tallest and fastest triple-launch strata roller coaster.The Cedar Point skyline will never look the same as the park prepares to dismantle the Wicked Twister roller coaster. “The train is already off and crews are disconnecting everything,” Cedar ...Nov 4, 2021 · The Cedar Point skyline will never look the same as the park prepares to dismantle the Wicked Twister roller coaster. “The train is already off and crews are disconnecting everything,” Cedar ... On Thursday, Cedar Point did just that, announcing its plans for 2023. Highlights from the Sandusky-based amusement park's announcement include: A new roller coaster called "The Wild Mouse," which ...Cedar Point had been hit by inclement weather and subsequently suffered some flooding in the track infield area. Having said that according to the latest Top Thrill 2 construction update posted to YouTube by Lake Erie Lifestyles on August 13, we can see that work continues to progress on the launch track where workers are currently in the ...Magic mountain's up to 20 coasters now. I remember the rumors CP was going to do 20 for 2020. I know quantity isn't everything, but if CP isn't updating, the parks with shiny new stuff start to look more attractive to those who can pick and choose. Or maybe some of us are way off and the majority actually prefer new resort stuff to new coasters.Cedar Point had been hit by inclement weather and subsequently suffered some flooding in the track infield area. Having said that according to the latest Top Thrill 2 construction update posted to YouTube by Lake Erie Lifestyles on August 13, we can see that work continues to progress on the launch track where workers are currently in the ...Sep 24, 2022 · Speculation has been rampant since Cedar Point announced in early September via Twitter that Top Thrill Dragster would be retired “as you know it.”. The ride had been idle for a full year ... Monday, August 28, 2023 - 00:23 In the official announcement on August 1, we found out the new name for the iconic Top Thrill Dragster and long awaited details regarding the layout for this highly anticipated reimagining coming to Cedar Point in 2024.5 things you need to know before heading to Cedar Point during the 2022 summer season. Craig Webb. Akron Beacon Journal. The unofficial start of summer in northern Ohio arrives Saturday. Cedar Point will celebrate its opening to mark the start of summer fun and travel for many in the region. And for the first time in recent memory, the Sandusky ...Will Cedar Point's Top Thrill Dragster ever open again? Well, the park just gave us the hint we've all been wanting... Which is huge! I share my updated pred...Nov 10, 2022 · Cedar Point's newest Wild Mouse coaster. Work is progressing on the park's newest coaster − the new Wild Mouse roller coaster. All the pieces and parts of the new coaster that will feature seven cars that spin 360 degrees as it navigates 1,312 feet of dipping and twisting orange track are in place at the park and workers are now assembling it. Nov 12, 2021. Cedar Point is officially removing their Antique Cars attraction to make room for a new new chef-inspired signature restaurant in Frontier Town. The family-friendly attraction, which debuted in 1969, featured small-scale Model T-type cars on a winding track through Frontier Town.Cedar Fair was founded in 1983, after Cedar Point acquired Valleyfair Amusement Park outside of Minneapolis. The company went public in 1987. Six Flags dates back to 1961, with the founding of Six ...Sep 6, 2022 · The company debuted the ride in 2003 and over the course of the 19 years it had more than 18 million riders according to Cedar Point. Top Thrill Dragster featured a 420-foot-high hill and cars ... — Cedar Point (@cedarpoint) January 9, 2023. The video does focus on the coaster’s highest point, called the “top hat,” which may serve to dispel rumors that the ride’s layout would be changed to become a shuttle coaster rather than a complete circuit.May 6, 2022 · Ride on! Cedar Point is back as the 2022 season kicks off Saturday, May 7. Although there isn't a new ride opening this year, guests can still expect to find multiple changes throughout the ... Sep 6, 2022 · SANDUSKY, Ohio — More than a year after a woman was struck by a piece of metal that dislodged from the Top Thrill Dragster at Cedar Point, the amusement park announced the popular ride will ... Friday, 05 May 2023 New at Cedar Point in 2023 The Boardwalk highlights new offerings at Cedar Point Friday, 05 May 2023 It’s time to ride! Cedar Point’s 154th season begins Saturday New roller coaster, family rides and two-story lakeside dining venue to debut at The Boardwalk Tuesday, 11 April 2023 Cedar Point to host ‘Jobs Fun Fair’ this weekendIf you plan to visit multiple Cedar Fair parks and want Gold or Prestige Pass perks, the is the ideal choice. This premium add-on grants access to all Cedar Fair parks with either a Gold or Prestige Pass. Additionally, your Gold and Prestige benefits extend to other parks. The All Park Passport** add-on is with a 2024 Gold Pass or. Although Cedar Point has never said it plans to ditch the ride, speculation spiked again in recent days after a trio of Twitter posts brought fresh attention to the rumors (scroll down for Cedar ...Cedar Point sits on 364 acres full of rides & roller coasters, but are they planning their LARGEST Expansion Ever? I share with you just how Cedar Point can ... Cedar Point will introduce a new chef-inspired signature restaurant in Frontier Town for the 2022 season along with the reopening of Castaway Bay and Sawmill Creek. Skip Navigation.Cedar Point had been hit by inclement weather and subsequently suffered some flooding in the track infield area. Having said that according to the latest Top Thrill 2 construction update posted to YouTube by Lake Erie Lifestyles on August 13, we can see that work continues to progress on the launch track where workers are currently in the ...Sep 24, 2022 · Speculation has been rampant since Cedar Point announced in early September via Twitter that Top Thrill Dragster would be retired “as you know it.”. The ride had been idle for a full year ... Is Cedar Point planning on opening a NEW roller coaster in 2023? Cedar Point has to build a new coaster on the Wicked Twister plot of land, right? Thanks to ...Cedar Point will introduce a new chef-inspired signature restaurant in Frontier Town for the 2022 season along with the reopening of Castaway Bay and Sawmill Creek. Skip Navigation.Jul 3, 2022 · Well, Cedar Point Nation has dug up some blueprints filed by the park for a project that explains why they needed to get rid of it. Take a look at this: This is the blueprint for a two-story pavilion with a restaurant on each floor and an outdoor patio.According to a permit filed on April 6, it will be known as the Grand Pavilion and is slated ... level 1. · 8 mo. ago Home park: Cedar Point, worked Islands of Adventure. In 2023 I’m betting Cedar Point will get one. 28. level 2. · 8 mo. ago Maverick. It's a meme every year to predict that CP will get a coaster, but I would be shocked if CP goes over 5 years without a new coaster. Last coaster was Vengeance in 2018. Could a LARGE roller coaster be the anchor attraction for a brand new themed area coming to Cedar Point in 2023? We now know just how LARGE of an area Cedar ...Cedar Point is where moments, memories and connections are made. These connections last for generations and are built on tradition – traditions that began more than 150 years ago. If you’re looking for things to do near Cleveland, Cedar Point, located in Sandusky, Ohio, is the must-do destination. It's home to 70 amazing rides, from the ... News & Rumours. Chat about the latest amusement park news in here. Grind the rumour mill here if you've heard some gossip or know something that we don't know. 1. 2.CLEVELAND, Ohio (WOIO) - Cedar Point shared the first images that show the tracks of the Wild Mouse roller coaster, the park’s newest ride scheduled to open in 2023. The orange and yellow ...If you’re a theme park lover or enjoy the best thrill rides the world has to offer, you’ve found the right place. From new ride announcements, construction reports and the latest rumors: Screamscape always has something new to report.Midnight Syndicate reveals haunting plans for new live show at Cedar Point's HalloWeekends amid release of new ‘Brimstone Club’ album. The new show — titled 'Echoes from the Brimstone Club ...Updates About Cedar Point's Top Thrill Dragster. @ttdupdatescp. Updating YOU about changes to Cedar Point's Top Thrill Dragster coaster. Not affiliated with the park, they probably REALLY hate us.What's coming at Cedar Point in 2022? Here are a few clues NEWS Cedar Point removing Antique Cars from Frontier Town to make way for new eatery Craig Webb Akron Beacon Journal The Antique Cars attraction is being parked at Cedar Point.Feb 1, 2022 · SANDUSKY, Ohio – Cedar Fair, the company that owns Cedar Point and Kings Island, is reviewing an unsolicited takeover bid from SeaWorld Entertainment, reportedly worth $3.4 billion. Apr 29, 2021 · 4 5 6 Kevinj Thursday, April 29, 2021 10:57 AM CEDAR POINT: Here is Mantis! ENTHUSIASTS: BOOOOO! MAKE IT FLOORLESS! IT'S SO EASY! CEDAR POINT: No, it's not that easy. ENTHUSIASTS: CEDAR POINT: Fine. There. ENTHUSIASTS: BOOOO!!!! THE RESTRAINTS AREN'T RIGHT@!$#@! CEDAR POINT: The restraints are fine for what it is. ENTHUSIASTS: CEDAR POINT: Many park observers believe that Cedar Point is replacing Top Thrill’s complicated, maintenance-prone launch system with a simpler, magnetic-based system. Other possible changes include a new ...Jun 12, 2022 · Is Cedar Point planning on opening a NEW roller coaster in 2023? Cedar Point has to build a new coaster on the Wicked Twister plot of land, right? Thanks to ... Aug 5, 2022 · With the addition of Wicked Twister, Cedar Point will be the only amusement park in the world to stake claim to having three roller coasters above 200 feet tall: the 205-foot-tall Magnum XL-200 ... Apr 23, 2021 · Updated: 6:12 AM EDT April 23, 2021. SANDUSKY, Ohio — When Cedar Point opens its gates for the 2021 season next month, a piece of park history has returned to greet guests. It's not an old ride ... Aug 19, 2022 · CLEVELAND, Ohio (WOIO) - Cedar Point shared the first images that show the tracks of the Wild Mouse roller coaster, the park’s newest ride scheduled to open in 2023. The orange and yellow ... Many park observers believe that Cedar Point is replacing Top Thrill’s complicated, maintenance-prone launch system with a simpler, magnetic-based system. Other possible changes include a new ...Jan 10, 2023 · This is the place to discuss 2024 news, rumors, and predictions for all Cedar Fair parks. Parks: California's Great America: Canada's Wonderland: Carowinds: Cedar Point: Dorney Park: Kings Dominion: Kings Island: Knott's Berry Farm: Michigan's Adventure: Valleyfair: Worlds of Fun: Water Parks: Cedar Point Shores: Knott's Soak City: Sep 23, 2022 · Many park observers believe that Cedar Point is replacing Top Thrill’s complicated, maintenance-prone launch system with a simpler, magnetic-based system. Other possible changes include a new ... Aug 13, 2021 · Cedar Point will introduce a new chef-inspired signature restaurant in Frontier Town for the 2022 season along with the reopening of Castaway Bay and Sawmill Creek. Skip Navigation. SANDUSKY, Ohio – Cedar Fair, the company that owns Cedar Point and Kings Island, is reviewing an unsolicited takeover bid from SeaWorld Entertainment, reportedly worth $3.4 billion.Temporary removal (and what the heck, reweld/refurbished while it's off)for equipment access for Dragster. Thats gonna be so cool. Gonna connect ttd and iron dragon. Suspended launch. It's not being redesigned...quit spreading rumors.A bit of rational for this: For the time Matt Ouimet has been CEO of Cedar Fair (since January 2012), Cedar Point has added a coaster at least every 2 years. In 2013 they added GateKeeper, 2014 they added Rougarou (I’m counting this as an addition even though it was just a conversion), 2016 they added Valravn, and 2018 they added Steel Vengeance. Shawn Meyer. Saturday, April 24, 2021 8:29 PM. I know this topic is 20 years old, but I didn't want to start a new thread about rumors, when we have one in storage. My friend heard a rumor that my favorite ride at Cedar Point might be going to another Cedar Fair park after this season.level 1. · 8 mo. ago Home park: Cedar Point, worked Islands of Adventure. In 2023 I’m betting Cedar Point will get one. 28. level 2. · 8 mo. ago Maverick. It's a meme every year to predict that CP will get a coaster, but I would be shocked if CP goes over 5 years without a new coaster. Last coaster was Vengeance in 2018. Oct 3, 2019 · FOX 8 reached out to Cedar Fair for a statement. A Six Flags spokeswoman said the company does not comment or respond to rumors. Six Flags currently owns 26 parks while Cedar Fair has 11 amusement ... The 2023 annular eclipse city page for Cedar Point. Eclipse2024.org is pleased to offer you a complete set of information for the annular eclipse of October 14, 2023! Visit our 2023 annular eclipse city page for Cedar Point to learn more about that eclipse.Nov 4, 2021 · The Cedar Point skyline will never look the same as the park prepares to dismantle the Wicked Twister roller coaster. “The train is already off and crews are disconnecting everything,” Cedar ... Cedar Point is going completely cashless for the 2022 season. SANDUSKY, Ohio — Editor's note: Video in the player at the top of this story features a front-seat ride on the Steel Vengeance ...Sep 6, 2022 · by Nick · Sep 6, 2022. In an update on social media this morning, Cedar Point announced they are retiring Top Thrill Dragster. The release reads: “After 19 seasons in operation with more than 18 million riders experiencing the world’s first strata coaster, Top Thrill Dragster, as you know it, is being retired. SeaWorld has offered to buy the publicly-traded partnership company for around $3.4 billion, about $60 per unit in cash, according to a report from Bloomberg.. The parent company to Cedar Point ...Sep 6, 2022 · Cedar Point's future. In its announcement on social media Monday morning, Cedar Point said the ride "as you know it is being retired." The park said an announcement will be made later of a new and "reimagined" ride experience. While the Top Thrill will be gone at the start of the 2023 season and its apparent replacement remains in limbo, there ... Tuesday, November 20, 2001 11:43 AM. Well following the tradition of most of the Cedar Point coasters getting crazy rumors attached to them (Magnum is sinking, Millennium Force going 116 mph) what do you think Wicked Twister is going to get. I think that, when people see the towers swaying back and forth, they will say, "Yeah those towers are ...Is Cedar Point planning on TEARING DOWN Top Thrill Dragsters station? Is Intamin still involved? And a hint at a future video! A lot has happened over at the...Jul 3, 2022 · Well, Cedar Point Nation has dug up some blueprints filed by the park for a project that explains why they needed to get rid of it. Take a look at this: This is the blueprint for a two-story pavilion with a restaurant on each floor and an outdoor patio.According to a permit filed on April 6, it will be known as the Grand Pavilion and is slated ... Decide for yourself, starting Sept. 14, when HalloWeekends kicks off at Cedar Point. The seven-week-long fall festival, celebrating its 26th year, has become the park’s most popular event ...With the addition of Wicked Twister, Cedar Point will be the only amusement park in the world to stake claim to having three roller coasters above 200 feet tall: the 205-foot-tall Magnum XL-200 ...In 2023, this history is celebrated in a whole new way with the introduction of The Boardwalk. The Boardwalk joins Cedar Point as an entirely new area of the park. You’ll step into a modern-day take on the experience of yesteryear. Enjoy new ride experiences, including the Wild Mouse family coaster and revitalized family attractions, Cedar ...Lake a ravenous bird in combat, you’ll go through five inversions at a constant speed of nearly 60 mph, doing dizzying spins and quick turns across its 3,790 feet of track. Between the noise and its compact layout, it’s the most intense coaster in the park that lasts longer than 20 seconds. #4. Millennium Force.Get revvved up in 2024 and buckle in as Cedar Point introduces Top Thrill 2, the world’s TALLEST and FASTEST triple-launch strata coaster. This record-breaking, next generation motorsport machine races a course unlike any other on the planet. Sleek, aerodynamic vehicles launch you not once, not twice, but THREE TIMES as you drive the sky in ... Sep 6, 2022 · The company debuted the ride in 2003 and over the course of the 19 years it had more than 18 million riders according to Cedar Point. Top Thrill Dragster featured a 420-foot-high hill and cars ... Cedar Point’s Express Hotel features the essentials and offers a convenient option with connecting rooms for families. Located at the entrance to the Cedar Point Causeway. Castaway Bay is newly renovated and is an entire resort designed for family fun. With a 38,000 square foot indoor waterpark, countless indoor adventures and an action ...Is roller coaster track about to arrive for a NEW 2023 Cedar Point Roller Coaster? Just as of a few days ago, Cedar Point fenced off an area that is located ... The games next to it are closed, too. So, I suspect that Cedar Point is going to move MaxAir to a different location in the park, and the new roller coaster is going to built in that area, plus the open area by Windseeker. I don’t think Cedar Point is going to move Wicked Twister but will add a new ride into that area after moving MaxAir.

Tuesday, November 20, 2001 11:43 AM. Well following the tradition of most of the Cedar Point coasters getting crazy rumors attached to them (Magnum is sinking, Millennium Force going 116 mph) what do you think Wicked Twister is going to get. I think that, when people see the towers swaying back and forth, they will say, "Yeah those towers are .... Walk behind used lawn mowers for sale near me

cedar point rumors

On Thursday, Cedar Point did just that, announcing its plans for 2023. Highlights from the Sandusky-based amusement park's announcement include: A new roller coaster called "The Wild Mouse," which ...Cedar Point's newest Wild Mouse coaster. Work is progressing on the park's newest coaster − the new Wild Mouse roller coaster. All the pieces and parts of the new coaster that will feature seven cars that spin 360 degrees as it navigates 1,312 feet of dipping and twisting orange track are in place at the park and workers are now assembling it.The games next to it are closed, too. So, I suspect that Cedar Point is going to move MaxAir to a different location in the park, and the new roller coaster is going to built in that area, plus the open area by Windseeker. I don’t think Cedar Point is going to move Wicked Twister but will add a new ride into that area after moving MaxAir. Jul 31, 2023 · Well, in the latest video update from Lake Erie Lifestyles it has now been confirmed from an official page on the Zamperla website that they are indeed working with Cedar Point on the Top Thrill Dragster reimagining. The page read, "Zamperla partners with Cedar Point on the world's tallest and fastest triple launch roller coaster." The Cedar Point skyline will never look the same as the park prepares to dismantle the Wicked Twister roller coaster. “The train is already off and crews are disconnecting everything,” Cedar ...Cedar Point acknowledged that it did not perform what is referred to as the “standard overhaul procedures” for the ride in 2021 – which it typically performs annually -- because the ride saw ...Oct 4, 2019 · Cedar Fair was founded in 1983, after Cedar Point acquired Valleyfair Amusement Park outside of Minneapolis. The company went public in 1987. Six Flags dates back to 1961, with the founding of Six ... Sep 6, 2022 · by Nick · Sep 6, 2022. In an update on social media this morning, Cedar Point announced they are retiring Top Thrill Dragster. The release reads: “After 19 seasons in operation with more than 18 million riders experiencing the world’s first strata coaster, Top Thrill Dragster, as you know it, is being retired. What's coming at Cedar Point in 2022? Here are a few clues NEWS Cedar Point removing Antique Cars from Frontier Town to make way for new eatery Craig Webb Akron Beacon Journal The Antique Cars attraction is being parked at Cedar Point.Friday, 05 May 2023 New at Cedar Point in 2023 The Boardwalk highlights new offerings at Cedar Point Friday, 05 May 2023 It’s time to ride! Cedar Point’s 154th season begins Saturday New roller coaster, family rides and two-story lakeside dining venue to debut at The Boardwalk Tuesday, 11 April 2023 Cedar Point to host ‘Jobs Fun Fair’ this weekendThe place to discuss everything new at Cedar Point for 2015, including Rougarou and the updated Hotel Breakers. Topics: 22 | Posts: 3,448 | Last: Wednesday, July 22, 2015 2:40 PM by Bluestreaker.Jul 5, 2021 · Lake a ravenous bird in combat, you’ll go through five inversions at a constant speed of nearly 60 mph, doing dizzying spins and quick turns across its 3,790 feet of track. Between the noise and its compact layout, it’s the most intense coaster in the park that lasts longer than 20 seconds. #4. Millennium Force. .

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