2024 Superabsorber

Computational domain of the elliptical superscatterer and superabsorber. The inner ellipse is a PEC (or an absorber core) with boundary of R1(θ) and minor semi-axis of a.. Shueisha

We also promote resource efficiency in agriculture. Our products have a significant impact resulting in a greener environment. Polygreen developed unique super absorbent polymer that is both biodegradable and biocompatible. Our material is hybrid composite mix of natural, protein based biopolymer and synthetic polymers to form a superabsorbent ...Mextra Superabsorbent wound dressing. Mextra ® Superabsorbent wound dressing delivers high fluid absorption and retention 1 2. You can rely on it to help treat highly exuding wounds such as venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and some pressure ulcers. The high fluid handling capacity avoids leakage and reduces the risk of maceration 1.With a rapid fluid uptake, Mextra ® Superabsorbent has a high fluid absorption and retention capacity that minimizes the risk of maceration. Mextra can be used on moderately to highly exuding wounds, e.g., …Jun 25, 2013 · Eming S, Smola H, Hartmann B, Malchau G, Wegner R, Krieg T, Smola-Hess S. The inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase activity in chronic wounds by a polyacrylate superabsorber. Biomaterials. 2008; 29:2932–2940. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.03.029. [Google Scholar] Superabsorber. Superabsorber sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil von Hygieneprodukten wie Babywindeln oder Inkontinenzprodukten für Erwachsene, die sicherstellen, dass Urin sicher eingeschlossen wird und Haut und Kleidung trocken und sauber bleiben. Einwegwindeln sind heutzutage wahre Hightech-Produkte, die im Laufe der Jahre noch komfortabler ...About 200 million tons of coal fly ash (CFA) is not effectively used in China every year. To enhance the utilization of biomass waste quinoa husk (QH) and solid waste CFA and reduce the preparation cost of superabsorbent resin (SAR), a low-cost, biodegradable modified quinoa husk-g-poly (acrylic acid)/coal fly ash superabsorbent …Superabsorber besteht aus sehr langen Molekülketten, die enorme Mengen Wasser wie in einem Netz einfangen und so fest an sich binden können, dass das Wasser auch unter Druck nicht entweichen kann. Das heißt, die Windel funktioniert nicht wie ein Schwamm. bindet die Flüssigkeit in einem stabilen Gel (Hydrogel) Windel der Länge …absorbent core with superabsorber, which can absorb up to 20 times weight; cost and time savings fewer dressing changes; protect the wound edge from maceration and promote wound healing through providing a moist wound environment; attractive to patients: thin; flexible; cushioning; reduces the risk of adhering to the wound; with clothing protection Mextra ® Superabsorbent wound dressing delivers high fluid absorption and retention. 1 2 It can be used to manage highly exuding wounds such as venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and some pressure ulcers. Mextra's high fluid handling capacity helps reduce the risk of leakage and maceration through absorption and retention properties. Soft wound contact layer ensures fast absorption of wound exudate into the dressing. Quick and uniform distribution of exudate into the superabsorbent core with very high absorption capacity. High wearing comfort due to excellent padding properties. Water repellent outer later protects clothing and bedding. Application of Zetuvit ® Plus with ... Learn how superabsorbents work and how they improve the quality of diapers, incontinence and feminine hygiene products. BASF offers HySorb® and SAVIVA®, two innovative superabsorbent polymers that absorb and lock up large quantities of liquid even under pressure. The Absorber®. $13.80. Quantity. Add to Cart. Rating. Made of a unique material called PVA (Poly Vinyl Alcohol), The Absorber® is vastly superior to a terrycloth towel and leather chamois. A uniform, sponge-like pore structure enhances capillary action, giving The Absorber® drying capabilities no other product can match.The best data are obtained for superabsorbent fibers added to cotton. Superabsorbent foams. The principle is to create a network of interconnected pores in the hydrogel to speed up and homogenize the swelling. That can be obtained by simultaneously polymerizing, foaming, and cross-linking the superabsorbent material. Oct 1, 2021 · Superabsorber im Wald – es spricht nichts dagegen. gel von 0,5 bis 1 g pro Pflanze, die dem. Setzling während d er Wurzelbehand-. lung zugefügt wird, bei weitem nicht. ausreicht, um neben der ... Zetuvit Plus is a combined superabsorbent dressing which consists of four layers of different materials. On the wound side, the product features a soft, white, hydrophilic nonwoven (viscose and polyamide). The inner dressing core consists of soft cellulose fluff blended with liquid-retaining polyacrylate polymers. This absorbent core is enclosed in a thin …Superabsorbent dressing (SAP) with silicone adhesive and no border that is suitable for a wide range of acute and chronic exuding wounds. The absorbent core offers high absorption and retention. capacity while maintaining an optimal microclimated under compression. The silicone coated contact layer and border allows for repeated lifting and. Superabsorbent polymers have been used since the 1950s to serve many functions within soil and agricultural sciences (El Hady, Tayel, & Lofty, 1981).The water retention capacity of SAPs can increase PAW, which can lower plant drought stress (Hüttermann et al., 2009; Yun, Kim, & Choi, 2017).In addition, SAPs can act as a …Here we show that by nanoscopically dispersing enzymes with deep active sites, semi-crystalline polyesters can be degraded primarily via chain-end-mediated processive depolymerization with ...14 January 2020. Convatec Group Plc (“Convatec”), a leading global medical technology company, announced January 14th 2020 the release of ConvaMax™ the NEW superabsorber dressing distributed by Convatec.The global superabsorber market is currently greater than $100m growing at +7% 1. ConvaMax™ superabsorber wound …Polyelectrolyte gels that are known as super-absorbent polymers swell and absorb water up to several hundred times their dried weights and have become ubiquitous and indispensable materials in ...May 6, 2020 · Super-absorbent polymers (SAPs) refer to a three-dimensional network polymer, water-swellable, water-insoluble, organic or inorganic material that can absorb thousands of times its own weight of distilled water. It is widely used in various fields, such as: agricultural, biomedical, daily physiological products, separation technology and wastewater treatment. In the review, the development ... A superabsorber dressing that manages high levels of exudate, to maintain skin integrity …Superabsorber one pager Author: hoffmannsimon Created Date: 1/8/2015 1:40:28 PM ...Mextra Superabsorbent wound dressing. Mextra ® Superabsorbent wound dressing delivers high fluid absorption and retention 1 2. You can rely on it to help treat highly exuding wounds such as venous leg ulcers, diabetic foot ulcers and some pressure ulcers. The high fluid handling capacity avoids leakage and reduces the risk of maceration 1.3M™ Kerramax Care™ Dressings are a range of super-absorbent dressings that absorb and retain high amounts of wound exudate 1*.The unique wicking layer evenly distributes fluid both horizontally and vertically throughout the dressing, utilizing the full absorption capacity. 1.. IntroductionAmong the recently developed superabsorbents, acrylic acid (AA)-based superabsorbents have been extensively studied because AA is cheap and easily polymerized to a high molecular weight polymer.The best data are obtained for superabsorbent fibers added to cotton. Superabsorbent foams. The principle is to create a network of interconnected pores in the hydrogel to speed up and homogenize the swelling. That can be obtained by simultaneously polymerizing, foaming, and cross-linking the superabsorbent material.ConvaMax Superabsorber. A superabsorber dressing that manages high levels of exudate, to maintain skin integrity and support healing by absorbing exudate through the skin contact layer, into the core which contains superabsorbent polymers where it locks the exudate into a gel. This means the fluid is retained, even under compression. ConvaMax™ Superabsorber effectively manages exudate to maintain skin integrity and help support healing 1 . ConvaMax ™ can be used as a primary or secondary dressing. In wounds with depth, AQUACEL ® Hydrofiber ® dressings may be used as a primary layer and covered with an appropriately sized ConvaMax ™ dressing, combining an advanced wound contact layer with high absorption capacity ... UrgoStart Plus Border is indicated for all wound bed stages – sloughy (0-100%), granulating and epithelialising – of moderately to heavily exuding wounds. This means it is effective at every wound healing phase*, from the start* and through to complete healing. UrgoStart Plus Border is indicated for treating the following skin wounds: Leg ...1.. IntroductionAmong the recently developed superabsorbents, acrylic acid (AA)-based superabsorbents have been extensively studied because AA is cheap and easily polymerized to a high molecular weight polymer.ConvaMax Superabsorber Wound Dressing promotes the healing and protection of skin from excess fluids. The dressing also promotes the retention of bacteria. Ideal for use as a primary or secondary dressing, this ConvaTec product is designed to help prevent skin erosion and infection caused by high exudation. Super-absorbent polymers (SAPs) refer to a three-dimensional network polymer, water-swellable, water-insoluble, organic or inorganic material that can absorb thousands of times its own weight of distilled water. It is widely used in various fields, such as: agricultural, biomedical, daily physiological products, separation technology and …Dedicated to superabsorbents. For more than three decades, Evonik is dedicated to the …1.. IntroductionAmong the recently developed superabsorbents, acrylic acid (AA)-based superabsorbents have been extensively studied because AA is cheap and easily polymerized to a high molecular weight polymer.Mextra Superabsorbent is intended for use on moderately to highly exuding wounds. Mextra Superabsorbent absorbs wound exudate through the wound contact layer, retains the exudate within the core and thereby could reduce the risk of maceration. The fluid-repellent nonwoven backing acts as an exudate barrier and prevents exudate strike-through. Jul 30, 2020 · Abstract Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are materials that can absorb significant amounts of water relative to their mass. The nature and properties of SAPs make them a widely utilized material acr... Superabsorbent polymer characteristics, properties, and applications - Ostrand - 2020 - Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment - Wiley Online Library Superabsorber is made by combining (polymerizing) single molecules of sodium acrylate to form long molecular chains. The polymerization is activated by an initiator, and a crosslinker connects the single molecules together to form a polymer network. The crosslinker ensures that the granules remain insoluble when exposed to liquid, maintaining ...Whether it’s the vacuum method, coalescence method or superabsorber, our HYDAC solutions enable efficient separation of free and dissolved water, gases and air. Used in conjunction with efficient offline filtration, they give your hydraulic system optimal protection. We develop solutions that meet the specifications of system manufacturers.About 200 million tons of coal fly ash (CFA) is not effectively used in China every year. To enhance the utilization of biomass waste quinoa husk (QH) and solid waste CFA and reduce the preparation cost of superabsorbent resin (SAR), a low-cost, biodegradable modified quinoa husk-g-poly (acrylic acid)/coal fly ash superabsorbent …Aug 19, 2021 · Evonik Superabsorber GmbH in Germany, and Evonik Superabsorber LLC in the USA, took over the business on July 1, 2021. The new companies bring together around 950 employees working at the production sites in Krefeld, Rheinfelden and Marl in Germany; and Greensboro and Garyville in the USA. Fragile/at-risk skin. Intact skin With adhesion. Without adhesion. 3M ™ Tegaderm ™ Foam Dressing Selection Guide. Improper use of medical adhesives may cause red, irritated skin or Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injury (MARSI), which may causeMextra Superabsorbent is intended for use on moderately to highly exuding wounds. Mextra Superabsorbent absorbs wound exudate through the wound contact layer, retains the exudate within the core and thereby could reduce the risk of maceration. The fluid-repellent nonwoven backing acts as an exudate barrier and prevents exudate strike-through. Xing. Email. Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany) has established its former Baby …ConvaMax™ Superabsorber effectively manages exudate to maintain skin integrity and help support healing 1 . ConvaMax ™ can be used as a primary or secondary dressing. In wounds with depth, AQUACEL ® Hydrofiber ® dressings may be used as a primary layer and covered with an appropriately sized ConvaMax ™ dressing, combining an advanced wound contact layer with high absorption capacity ... Superabsorber non-adhesive or adhesive dressing must be in close contact with the wound bed to ensure wound fluid is absorbed. White contact layer should be in contact with the skin and blue waterproof backing away from the body. Secure ConvaMax™ Superabsorber dressing with retention bandage, tapes or compression bandage as clinically ...Secondly, polyacrylate superabsorber particles can bind Ca2+ and Zn2+ ions competing with MMPs for divalent ions required for enzymatic activity. Furthermore, we provide the first evidence in vivo that MMPs bind effectively to polyacrylate superabsorber particles within the hostile environment of chronic wounds. 01.06.21. Table 1 shows the production capacities of major superabsorbency polymer (SAP) makers in the world. The total production capacity (in October 2020) of the 11 companies represented in the table is 4,126,000 tons/year. The quantity of world SAP demand was estimated to be around three million tons in 2019, and this figure represented an ...Dedicated to superabsorbents. For more than three decades, Evonik is dedicated to the …Applying Kliniderm superabsorbent*. Clean the wound area according to local protocols. Ensure the peri-wound skin is dry. Select a suitable size so that the dressing overlaps the wound margins by at least 1.5cm. Gently apply directly onto the wound site with the white hydrophilic side of the dressing onto the wound surface.Oct 24, 2019 · Scheme of superabsorber-based enzyme immobilization based on ionic interactions of acetate moieties of the superabsorber polymer particles and amino acid residues on the protein surface (A), hydrogen bonds of, for example, amino acids with carboxylic polymer residues (B), or entrapment of protein in water residues bound in the polymer matrix (C). Abstract. Biopolymer-based superabsorbent hydrogels hold great promise …Mar 22, 2020 · Super Absorbent Polymer. Super absorbent polymer (SAP) is a new type of functional water absorbing crystals. It is a synthetic polymer material with hydrophilic groups, which can absorb a large amount of water, swell and keep the water from flowing out. The superabsorbent polymers can generally absorb water equivalent to more than 100 times the ... Superabsorber dressings are available in a variety of shapes and sizes so the dressing wil work well on a variety of wound types, sizes and locations. The super absorbent dressing is flexible with an adhesive to secure well to the unique curvatures of the foot, arm, chest or sacrum. ConvaMax™ Superabsorber effectively manages exudate to maintain skin integrity and help support healing 1 . ConvaMax ™ can be used as a primary or secondary dressing. In wounds with depth, AQUACEL ® Hydrofiber ® dressings may be used as a primary layer and covered with an appropriately sized ConvaMax ™ dressing, combining an advanced wound contact layer with high absorption capacity ... ConvaMax Superabsorber Wound Dressing promotes the healing and protection of skin from excess fluids. The dressing also promotes the retention of bacteria. Ideal for use as a primary or secondary dressing, this ConvaTec product is designed to help prevent skin erosion and infection caused by high exudation. Zetuvit Plus is a combined superabsorbent dressing which consists of four layers of different materials. On the wound side, the product features a soft, white, hydrophilic nonwoven (viscose and polyamide). The inner dressing core consists of soft cellulose fluff blended with liquid-retaining polyacrylate polymers. This absorbent core is enclosed in a thin …To test physical interaction of MMPs with polyacrylate superabsorber particles, 50 μg of total chronic wound fluid protein were incubated with polyacrylate superabsorber particles representing an unsorted mixture of different particle sizes (between 160 μm and 900 μm).There was a clear binding of MMPs to the particles as revealed by gelatin …Superabsorbent polymers have been used since the 1950s to serve many functions within soil and agricultural sciences (El Hady, Tayel, & Lofty, 1981).The water retention capacity of SAPs can increase PAW, which can lower plant drought stress (Hüttermann et al., 2009; Yun, Kim, & Choi, 2017).In addition, SAPs can act as a …HCPCS Code. A6196. A6197. Zetuvit® Plus Silicone Border is suitable for the treatment of moderately to heavily exuding wounds. Offers excellent patient comfort and satisfaction, a superabsorbent core for fast absorption, odor control, and retention of exudate even under compression. Abstract. Chemical design and realization of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are driven by most appropriate performance of the products in distinct applications. Speed and final level of absorption as well as retention efficiency depend on the ionic composition of the solutions to which the polymer is typically exposed.Oxo Alcohols & Plasticizers. The oxo alcohols INA and 2-PH are important raw material components in the manufacture of plasticizers. 2-PH is also used in the production of surfactants. Our plasticizers are manufactured on the basis of isononyl alcohol (INA), and are used primarily for the manufacture of soft-PVC products and in industries such ...SAP (super absorbent polymer) is a functional polymer material. It can absorb water up to several hundred times its own weight. SAP is a general term for super absorbent polymers, and different types of SAP have different chemical compositions. The superabsorbent polymer is usually produced by polymerizing sodium hydroxide and …Zetuvit® Plus is a backed superabsorber designed to handle high exudate levels and is a much-loved brand with a strong heritage. The blend of cellulose fluff and fluid retaining superabsorbent polymers (SAP) means Zetuvit® Plus is particularly suitable for treating superficial, heavily exuding acute and chronic wounds.Sep 22, 2020 · Evonik-Aktie steigt: Evonik leitet wohl Abspaltung des Superabsorber-Geschäfts ein. 22.09.20 17:12 Uhr. Der Spezialchemiekonzern Evonik treibt die geplante Trennung vom Geschäft mit saugstarken ... Based on superabsorber‐entrapped enzymes and whole cells as a “fluid heterogeneous phase”, a segmented hydrogel/organic solvent system was developed. Its applicability was investigated with two entirely different model reaction systems, namely the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)‐catalysed reduction of acetophenone, and the aldoxime …Erinomainen nesteiden hallinta. Mextra ® Superabsorbent imee nesteen nopeasti, ja sillä on hyvä imu- ja pidätyskyky, mikä minimoi maseraatioriskin. Mextraa voidaan käyttää kohtalaisesti tai runsaasti erittäviin haavoihin, esim. kroonisiin haavoihin, kuten säärihaavoihin, painesidoksen alla oleviin laskimoperäisiin säärihaavoihin. 1.Superabsorbent polymers have been used since the 1950s to serve many functions within soil and agricultural sciences (El Hady, Tayel, & Lofty, 1981).The water retention capacity of SAPs can increase PAW, which can lower plant drought stress (Hüttermann et al., 2009; Yun, Kim, & Choi, 2017).In addition, SAPs can act as a …Superabsorber one pager Author: hoffmannsimon Created Date: 1/8/2015 1:40:28 PM ...ConvaMax™ Superabsorber. ConvaMax™ is a new Superabsorber dressing designed to manage the challenges around highly exuding wounds. It combines high performance with softness and conformability. Highly absorbent, even under compression, it locks excess exudate and bacteria away from the wound. When faced with a real risk of skin damage due to high levels of exudate, you need ConvaMax™ Superabsorber. Specially formulated to protect skin integrity 1, ConvaMax™ Superabsorber combines high absorption with high retention, even under compression. Sign up for helpful resources. Using coordinate transformation stated earlier by Pendry et al. [Science 312, 1780 (2006)], we investigate the two-dimensional elliptical electromagnetic superscatterer and superabsorber, based on the concept of complementary media. Such an elliptical electromagnetic superscatterer (or superabsorber) is realized by coating an elliptical negative refractive material shell. The effectiveness of ... Aug 22, 2014 · For solar light harvesting a given superabsorber can only achieve optimal performance for a specific frequency range; however, one could engineer a range of different systems to jointly cover the ... This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate …Introduction A perfect light absorber (or superabsorber) based on the design concept of metamaterials formed by a split-ring, dielectric insulator and cut-wire was demonstrated in 2008. 1 Compared to traditional absorbers, 2,3 metamaterial-based superabsorbers exhibit many merits of ultra-thin dielectric layers, light weight, and controllable performance …absorbent core with superabsorber, which can absorb up to 20 times weight; cost and time savings fewer dressing changes; protect the wound edge from maceration and promote wound healing through providing a moist wound environment; attractive to patients: thin; flexible; cushioning; reduces the risk of adhering to the wound; with clothing protectionComputational domain of the elliptical superscatterer and superabsorber. The inner ellipse is a PEC (or an absorber core) with boundary of R1(θ) and minor semi-axis of a.Scheme of superabsorber-based enzyme immobilization based on ionic interactions of acetate moieties of the superabsorber polymer particles and amino acid residues on the protein surface (A), hydrogen bonds of, for example, amino acids with carboxylic polymer residues (B), or entrapment of protein in water residues bound in the …German chemicals maker Evonik is close to finalising the sale of its superabsorbents business, which makes materials for diapers and hygiene products, Chief Financial Officer Maike Schuh told ...Scheme of superabsorber-based enzyme immobilization based on ionic interactions of acetate moieties of the superabsorber polymer particles and amino acid residues on the protein surface (A), hydrogen bonds of, for example, amino acids with carboxylic polymer residues (B), or entrapment of protein in water residues bound in the …

1. Introduction. Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are crosslinked polymeric hydrogels that are capable of absorbing and retaining large amounts of water or water-based salt solution [[1], [2], [3], [4]].Among various water-absorbing applications of SAPs, the most important application is personal hygiene products, such as disposable diapers for …. Music tiles magic tiles

ConvaMax Superabsorber. A superabsorber dressing that manages high levels of exudate, to maintain skin integrity and support healing by absorbing exudate through the skin contact layer, into the core which contains superabsorbent polymers where it locks the exudate into a gel. This means the fluid is retained, even under compression. Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Trocknung von Superabsorbern, wobei der zu trocknende Superabsorber an einer Zugabestelle auf ein Förderband (12) aufgebracht wird, das Förderband (12) mindestens einen Trockner durchläuft und der getrocknete Superabsorber an einer Entnahmestelle entnommen wird und wobei das Förderband …Superabsorber one pager Author: hoffmannsimon Created Date: 1/8/2015 1:40:28 PM ...SUPERABSORBENT pronunciation. How to say superabsorbent. Listen to the audio pronunciation in English. Learn more.Scheme of superabsorber-based enzyme immobilization based on ionic interactions of acetate moieties of the superabsorber polymer particles and amino acid residues on the protein surface (A), hydrogen bonds of, for example, amino acids with carboxylic polymer residues (B), or entrapment of protein in water residues bound in the …Superabsorber-Kugeln, die eine Nacht im Wasser gelegen sind...Superabsorber balls, one night in water...Bitte nicht abbonieren!!!Please don't subscribe!!!Und...The water absorbency (Q eq) is calculated by the following equation: (1)Qeq = (M−M0)/M0. 2.2. Water retention (WR) The water retention properties of SAPs are measured by the following method. Firstly, the dry samples are weighted as W d and soaked into excessive water till equilibrium swelling.Filter material: glass fibre with superabsorber Filtration rating: 3, 10 µm Collapse stability: 10 bar Flow direction: outside to inside. Plastic shell: no Element version: R Element type: single-use element Brochure no.: 7.218../.. Paper Designation: P, P/HC Filter material: cellulose fibre Filtration rating: 10, 20 µmLearn how superabsorbents work and how they improve the quality of diapers, incontinence and feminine hygiene products. BASF offers HySorb® and SAVIVA®, two innovative superabsorbent polymers that absorb …DURAMAX S kann hohe Mengen an Exsudat aufnehmen und kann auf Grund der Silikonkontaktschicht atraumatisch entfernt werden. Ebenso kann es unter Kompression angewendet werden, was gerade bei dieser Indikation von Vorteil ist, da hier häufig ein phlebologischer Kompressionsverband zur Unterstützung des venösen Rückflusses …Jan 18, 2024 · SAP (super absorbent polymer) is a functional polymer material. It can absorb water up to several hundred times its own weight. SAP is a general term for super absorbent polymers, and different types of SAP have different chemical compositions. The superabsorbent polymer is usually produced by polymerizing sodium hydroxide and acrylic acid. Here we report the design, characterization, and experimental demonstration of an ultrathin, wide-angle, subwavelength high performance metamaterial absorber for optical frequencies. Experimental results show that an absorption peak of 88% is achieved at the wavelength of ∼1.58 μm, though theoretical results give near perfect absorption.Tags. 1. Cotton. Cotton cloth is a cloth woven from cotton yarn. Cotton cloth has the characteristics of easy shrinkage and wrinkle, but at the same time, the cotton cloth is very hygroscopic and breathable. 2. Superabsorber. Super absorbent polymer is a new type of functional polymer material. It has a high water absorption function that ...Wir, das P-Seminar "Chemie mit Experimenten" des Viscardy-Gymnasiums, präsentieren euch hier unsere Videos!Gemafreie Musik von www.frametraxx.deSuper absorbency is the extraordinary capacity of a substance to absorb …Evonik Superabsorber GmbH in Germany, and Evonik Superabsorber LLC in the USA, took over the business on July 1, 2021. The new companies bring together around 950 employees working at the production sites in Krefeld, Rheinfelden and Marl in Germany; and Greensboro and Garyville in the USA..

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